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作者中文名	作者英文名	单位中文名	单位英文名	E-Mail
任九卓林	REN Jiu-zhuo-lin	成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室，四川成都 611137	State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
高继海	GAO Ji-hai	成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室，四川成都 611137 道地药材国家重点实验室，北京 100700	State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs, Beijing 100700， China
郑程莉	ZHENG Cheng-li	四川养麝研究所，四川成都 611845	Sichuan Institute of Forest Musk Deer, Chengdu 611845, China
彭成	PENG Cheng	成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室，四川成都 611137	State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
侯飞侠*	HOU Fei-xia	成都中医药大学药学院西南特色中药资源国家重点实验室，四川成都 611137	State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China

基金项目:中央本级重大增减支项目（206302）；成都中医药大学“杏林学者”学科人才科研提升计划项目（QNXZ2018017）

中文摘要:麝香为名贵中药及香料，应用历史悠久。通过检索古籍和相关文献，结合人工繁育养麝及活麝取香的实践，对麝香的名称、基原、产区、质量评价及应用等进行综述。结果发现，本草专著记录麝有水麝、肉麝、土麝、北麝4个品种，麝香常见别名至少有18种（不包含少数民族语言的别名）。古人将香囊和产香作为鉴别麝的关键特征，对食性的认知由食蛇、蚁逐渐变为取食芳草植物。历代所记载麝香出产范围常有变迁，自唐起川、陕两地较为恒定，现仍为道地产区。古代麝香分为遗香、脐香、心结香3等，以香结实者、有毛裹中者为佳，而皮毛及荔枝核粉末常用于掺伪，现代商品麝香掺伪物更是多达20余种。麝香药用始载于《神农本草经》，香料用始载于汉，到唐宋时期最盛。综合历代本草专著记载，麝香具开窍醒神、活血通经等功效，有微研、细研、重研3种制法，既可外用也可内服，用于实证和闭证，脱证忌用、虚证慎用、孕妇禁用；麝香作香料更是制法各异，用途广泛。此外，古人频有“麝吃蛇”等习性记录，还有待深入研究。考证结果可为麝香资源的进一步开发利用提供参考。

中文关键词:麝香本草基原动物产区品质

History and Literature Research of Moschus

Abstract:Moschus is a precious Chinese medicinal material and spice, which has a long history of application. So far, there are few reports on its history and herbal literature research. Based on the retrieval of materia medica books and literature, combined with the practice of artificial breeding and obtaining Moschus, this paper summarized the name, origin, production area, quality evaluation and application of Moschus. The results showed that there were four musk deer species in material medica books including shui she, rou she, tu she and bei she. Moschus has at least 18 common synonyms(excluding the synonyms of minority languages). The medicinal use of Moschus was first recorded in ShenNong's Herbal Classic. Moschus was first used as perfume in Han Dynasty, and reached its peak in Tang and Song dynasties. The ancient people regarded Moschus bag and producing Moschusas the key identification characteristics of musk deer. The cognition for its feeding habits had gradually changed from snakes and ants to aromatic plants. The production range of the past dynasties had often changed. Since the Tang Dynasty, Sichuan and Shaanxi producing areas had been relatively constant, and they were still genuine producing areas. The Moschus in ancient was divided into three categories: yi xiang, qi xiang and xin jiexiang. The best Moschus was heavy texture with fur wrapped in the middle. The fur and lychee seedpowders were often used for adulteration, and the adulterants of modern commercial Moschus adulteryants are more than 20 kinds. According to the records of herbal monographs of past dynasties, Moschus has the effects of opening the orifices, waking the mind, activating blood circulation and dredging the meridians. There are three preparation methods: light grinding, fine grinding and heavy grinding. It can be used externally or orally.And it is used for demonstration and closed syndrome. It is forbidden to use it when collapse syndrome, cautious in using deficiency syndrome, and forbidden in pregnant women. As a perfume, Moschus is made in different ways and has a wide range of uses.Besides, the ancients often had records of "musk deer eating snakes" and other habits, which need to be further studied.The research results of this paper are expected to clear the source of Moschus and provide a basis for further development and utilization of Moschus resources.

keywords:Moschus materia medica original animal origin quality

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