| 不同施肥量与益生菌对掌叶大黄生长和土壤微生物组成的影响 |
| 投稿时间：2023-10-30 点此下载全文
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| 引用本文：周双双,蔡瑜,林亚,石卓蓉,张庆伟.不同施肥量与益生菌对掌叶大黄生长和土壤微生物组成的影响[J].中国现代中药,2024,26(6):1024-1035 |
| DOI：10.13313/j.issn.1673-4890.20231030001 |
| 摘要点击次数: 109 |
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| 作者中文名 | 作者英文名 | 单位中文名 | 单位英文名 | E-Mail |
| 周双双 |
ZHOU Shuang-shuang |
西南大学 生命科学学院，重庆 400715 |
School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China |
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| 蔡瑜 |
CAI Yu |
重庆灏天生态农业科技有限公司，重庆 408407
重庆市南川区道地中药材研究院，重庆 408407 |
Chongqing Haotian Ecological Agriculture Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 408407, China
Chongqing Nanchuan District Genuine Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Institute, Chongqing 408407, China |
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| 林亚 |
LIN Ya |
西南大学 生命科学学院，重庆 400715 |
School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China |
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| 石卓蓉 |
SHI Zhuo-rong |
西南大学 生命科学学院，重庆 400715 |
School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China |
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| 张庆伟* |
ZHANG Qing-wei |
西南大学 生命科学学院，重庆 400715
重庆市南川区道地中药材研究院，重庆 408407 |
School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
Chongqing Nanchuan District Genuine Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Institute, Chongqing 408407, China |
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| 基金项目:中央高校基本科研业务费项目（SWU-KT22045）；重庆市南川区科技计划项目（Cx202349） |
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| 中文摘要:目的 分析化肥和益生菌对掌叶大黄根茎初生和次生代谢、药用成分含量和土壤微生物群落组成的影响，为合理施肥提供参考。方法 对掌叶大黄幼苗进行2个施肥量（适量施肥、过量施肥）和添加3种益生菌（枯草芽孢杆菌、哈茨木霉菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌）处理；通过非靶向代谢组学分析不同处理对掌叶大黄根茎初生和次生代谢的影响；采用高效液相色谱法分析不同处理掌叶大黄根茎蒽醌含量的差异；通过16S rRNA测序和内转录间隔区测序分析不同处理掌叶大黄根际土壤微生物群落组成和多样性。结果 适量施肥和过量施肥均能显著增加掌叶大黄叶片和根茎的质量。在适量施肥的基础上添加益生菌处理，哈茨木霉菌和解淀粉芽孢杆菌对掌叶大黄根茎生长的促进作用优于枯草芽孢杆菌。在物质代谢方面，适量施肥和过量施肥均导致掌叶大黄根茎氨基酸水平升高，但过量施肥导致掌叶大黄根茎糖类和脂类水平降低。与适量施肥比较，哈茨木霉菌能够显著提高掌叶大黄根茎糖类、氨基酸和脂类水平，而解淀粉芽孢杆菌则导致糖类和氨基酸水平降低。在药用成分方面，过量施肥和解淀粉芽孢杆菌处理蒽醌含量明显偏低，适量施肥、枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉菌处理蒽醌含量较高。施肥对细菌群落组成影响较小，对真菌群落组成影响较大，施肥会导致土壤真菌中多种潜在病原菌（如楔孢黑粉菌属）丰度增加而使真菌整体丰度和多样性降低，益生菌处理（如枯草芽孢杆菌）能减轻施肥带来的影响。结论 综合掌叶大黄生长和药用成分含量情况，在多种施肥组合中，哈茨木霉菌能够较好地促进掌叶大黄根茎生长，并使其具有良好的营养状况和较高的药用成分含量。在保持或改善掌叶大黄种植土壤微生物群落多样性方面，枯草芽孢杆菌具有较好的效果。 |
| 中文关键词:掌叶大黄 施肥方案 益生菌 次生代谢 根际微生物 α多样性 |
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| Effects of Different Fertilization Amounts and Probiotics on Growth of Rheum Palmatum and Microbiological Compositions in Soil |
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| Abstract:Objective To analyze the effects of chemical fertilizers and probiotics on the primary and secondary metabolism of Rheum palmatum, the content of medicinal components, and the microbiological composition in soil, so as to provide a reference for rational fertilization.Methods The seedlings of R. palmatum were treated with two fertilization amounts (appropriate fertilization and excessive fertilization) and three probiotics (Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum, and B. amyloliquefaciens). The effects of different treatments on the primary and secondary metabolism of R. palmatum rhizome were analyzed by non-targeted metabonomics. The difference in anthraquinone content in the rhizome of R. palmatum with different treatments was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The microbiological composition in soil and diversity in the rhizosphere of R. palmatum with different treatments were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and internal transcribed spacer sequencing.Results Appropriate fertilization and excessive fertilization could significantly improve the quality of leaves and rhizomes of R. palmatum. Applying probiotics on the basis of appropriate fertilization showed that T. harzianum and B. amyloliquefaciens could promote the rhizome growth of R. palmatum better than B. subtilis. In terms of substance metabolism, appropriate fertilization and excessive fertilization increased the level of amino acids in the rhizome of R. palmatum, but excessive fertilization decreased the level of sugars and lipids in the rhizome of R. palmatum. Compared with appropriate fertilization, T. harzianum could significantly increase the levels of sugars, amino acids, and lipids in the rhizome of R. palmatum, while B. amyloliquefaciens could reduce the levels of sugars and amino acids. In terms of medicinal components, the content of anthraquinones treated by excessive fertilization and B. amyloliquefaciens was obviously low, while the content of anthraquinones treated by appropriate fertilization, B. subtilis, and T. harzianum was high. Fertilization had little influence on the composition of the bacterial community, but it had a great influence on the composition of the fungal community. Fertilization could increase the abundance of various potential pathogens (such as Cladosporium cuneatum) in soil fungi and reduce the overall abundance and diversity of fungi. Probiotic treatment (such as B. subtilis) could alleviate the impact of fertilization.Conclusion According to the growth and the content of medicinal components of R. palmatum, T. harzianum can promote the rhizome growth of R. palmatum in a variety of fertilization combinations and make it have good nutritional status and high content of medicinal components. B. subtilis has a good effect on maintaining or improving the diversity of the microbial community in the soil where R. palmatum is planted. |
| keywords:Rheum palmatum L. fertilization plan probiotics secondary metabolism rhizosphere microorganisms α diversity |
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